The Career of Elvis Presley and Other Musicians of His Time Essay

The Career of Elvis Presley and Other Musicians of His Time - Essay Example The career of Elvis is an example of a striking success: he had 18 singles which took the first places in charts, and his contribution is significant to â€Å"†¦several musical genres, most notably rock, country, and gospel. It is also different from the careers of the musicians who will be discussed below in such terms that he devoted much time to participate in the filmmaking industry, and his life was almost twice longer than those of the Holly and Cochran and almost as long as that one of Vincent.  Gene Vincent, one of the biggest rockabilly and rock-n-roll stars, also made a significant contribution to the music in general and to the mentioned music genres in particular, and his career had several differences from the above mentioned Elvis’ one. First, he took part in filmmaking activity not as intensively as Elvis, and second, his popularity to a significant extent depended on the airplay of his tracks by the radio stations. Nevertheless, he was a rather popular musician and deserves being mentioned in one row with Elvis Presley.  Eddie Cochran’s phenomenon is that even though his life lasted for 21 years only, he managed to reach the top of the music Olympus and to leave tracks that are still very popular, such as â€Å"Summertime Blues†. In such a narrow period of time he managed to significantly influence the development of rock-n-roll and rockabilly and was positively referred to because of his outstanding guitar playing skills.  

The importance of exercise for a healthy life style Research Paper

The importance of exercise for a healthy life style - Research Paper Example Previous reports by the Surgeon General were delivered on topics such as the adverse health consequences of smoking, nutrition, violence, and HIV/AIDS. These reports heightened the public's awareness of these important health issues and led the way for major public health initiatives (Miller 1). Dr. Manley described the 1996 Surgeon General's first Report on Physical Activity and Health as more than just a summary of the science but also as a national call to action. Physical activity now joined sound nutrition, seat belt use, and the negative health effects of tobacco use as essential health objectives for the nation. Dr. Manley ascertained that due to the direct relationship between physical activity and disease prevention and premature death, Americans must get serious about their commitment to healthy physical activity (Miller 1). Sedentary lifestyle or inactivity is a major contributor to obesity and being overweight as well as to numerous other diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. There is a growing body of literature indicating that regular physical exercise may prove beneficial in lessening the consequences or preventing the onset of a wide range of disease and chronic conditions (Jonker 38- 43; Pinto 247). Exercise and Physical Health According to the Surgeon General, due to lifestyle and dietary changes, obesity and overweight have reached epidemic proportions in United States. While there are numerous reasons for the overweight and obesity epidemic, it is undisputed that nutritional habits as well as physical inactivity are major contributors to the problem. Blair and Brodney (1999) reported that epidemiological studies consistently showed that active persons were protected against the health risks of being overweight or obese and actually had lesser mortality and morbidity. Regular physical activity resulted in positive metabolic changes that appeared to provide part of the protection against disease. S ince these positive metabolic changes were found to occur independently of body composition changes, the authors suggested the promotion of physical activity without an emphasis on weight changes, thus avoiding the frustration many obese individuals feel toward exercise since their efforts often do not lead to changes in weight or body composition. Brodney et al. (459- 467) examined the nutritional habits of men and women across three fitness categories (high, moderate, and low) and compared their nutritional intake to the national dietary recommendations. Results showed that both women and men with increased fitness levels consume diets with a significantly lower percent of calories derived from fat and saturated fat, had significantly higher dietary fiber intake and significantly lower cholesterol intake than did those less fit individuals. The more fit individuals consumed diets that more closely aligned with the national dietary recommendations. The Surgeon General (USDHHS, 1996 ) reported that people who are more active were also less likely to be obese, since exercise does not always result in increased appetite. This may be due in part to increased energy expenditures without the increase in appetite. However, in general, studies have shown that from exercise alone people do not lose significant amounts of weight but rather lose more weight through a mixture of exercise and diet. Contrary to these studies, which indicated that a combination of diet and exercise were the best

Personal Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Personal Finance - Essay Example The raising of the state pension age to 68 by 2048 will generally make individuals look for other income and pension alternatives which will sustain them since the current retirement age is 65. Thus, for the three years after the retirement, they will need to find a way in order to finance the lifestyle that they choose. In this case, it is expected that individuals will be opting to compensate their state pension by occupational and personal pension in order to bridge the gap. Personal pensions are more likely noting the fact that the package of benefits under this scheme is based on the discretion of individuals. Other people can also opt to find employment even after the retirement age. This is especially true noting the fact that there are some individuals who augment their pensions by retaining their jobs. Having an employment before the retirement is the most probable action that individuals will take especially those who cannot afford to purchase additional pension scheme. Inc reasing the age at which the pension plan will be received also means that the state will be paying pensioners three years less than what is previously practiced. For pensioners this can mean that lower priced packages will be made available since the expected payment time is now shorter. The establishment of a low-cost pension scheme which is coupled with automatic enrolment will allow more individuals to avail of these packages.

Procter & Gamble Essay Example for Free

Procter Gamble Essay Proctor and Gamble Co. is sending video crews run by a small research firm in London, Everyday Lives, Ltd. , into about 80 homes worldwide to record peoples daily routines in the name of marketing research. PG believes that some people have selective memory in focus groups and interviews, and some insights into consumer behavior may be lost. Camera crews will arrive at the participants home when they wake up and not leave until they go to bed for a duration of four days. Cameras may not be manned at all times, and bedroom and bathroom activities will not be recorded. Families will be paid an undisclosed amount for their participation. PG wants to solve problems that their shoppers may not have known they had. For example, marketers discuss multitasking habits while watching a woman in Thailand make breakfast, feed her baby, and watch television simultaneously. The study will initially take place in the UK, Germany, and China since there are such major growth opportunities overseas. Project risks include people behaving abnormally in front of the cameras, local privacy laws, searching hours of videotape for ideas, and producing successful products. PG’s goal is to maintain a huge video library that can be organized by key words, and will give a global perspective on something as simple as eating snacks. By stepping into the homes and lives of their audience PG has found a way to have up to date information on the routine habits of the population of their target market and develop an intimate relationship with them by making themselves a part of the daily rituals that no one other then the individual may see. They will even be able to observe the innate actions that a person may not even realize they do. Market conditions are continuously changing and having this live information will give PG the sufficient knowledge to develop a successful marketing strategy. They will also benefit by being able to see other products the families are buying to gain a perspective of the average budget people are able to afford for similar goods. In the past this obtrusive plan of watching a persons’ every move would have been seen as crossing a line, or illegal, and participants would be hesitant to partake. The plan fits into modern society trends, however, where reality shows are amongst the highest rated programs on television. The intrusion is now acceptable, and even seen as somewhat glamorous, especially when a monetary transaction is involved. In my opinion, PG will have a laborious task ahead of them, but the information from this market research has the prospect of yielding a host of innovative convenience products and goods.

How Teachers Can Help Essay -- essays papers

How Teachers Can Help Attention Deficit Disorder can lead to several different problems such as slow work completion, inconsistent accuracy in class work and homework, and poor study skills (DuPaul & Stoner, 1994). In order to decrease the problems that result from the disorder, teachers must accommodate and assist the children by using various techniques and ideas. Even though medication is widely used as an intervention for students with ADD, training in â€Å"organizational strategies, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-instruction procedures can also help these students to perform better in general and special education settings (Shimabukuro & Prater, 1999).† Children with Attention Deficit Disorder need structure placed in their lives by the instructor because they can't provide it for themselves (Shore, 1998). The teacher can provide this by making the rules in the classroom clear to everyone and strictly enforcing them. They should have a predictable schedule each day because ADD students don't handle change very well. Another strategy to be used in the classroom is placing the student in a location of the room where he/she will not easily be distracted and position him/her beside a peer partner who can assist them with their assignments (Parker, 1996). Such a student should not be placed beside an air conditioner, pencil sharpener, window, etc (Kidsource, 2000). An ideal place may be by the teacher's desk where he/she can be readily monitored. Organization is a crucial component that a teacher should include when trying to instill the student with structure. In order to do this the teacher may pair the student up with a peer for assistance. The child should also be equipped with a pocket folder, and a three-... ...h improve concentration. Robbins, J. (2000). On the track with nuerofeedback. Newsweek, 135 (25) p76. Retrieved November 28, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. This journal contained information information on increasing beta waves and the statistics on who benefited form such a treatment. Fister, S. & Kemp, K. (1995). Academic strategies for children with add. Intervention in school & clinic, 30 (4) 8p. Retrieved November 27, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. Kai, L. (April 20,2001). Kids with attention deficit disorder can learn. P.27. Retrieved November 21, 2001 from Lexis-Nexis The article talks about how student scan learn through visual forms of teaching. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved November 30, 2001 from http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=42727&sctn=1&pm=1

Characteristics of Business Leadership

Characteristics of Business Leadership BUS302-024016 October 30, 2011 Characteristics of Business Management The purpose of this paper is to show a comparison of two successful businesses. Borders Books and Amazon. com are two companies that both sold books but used different methods in operating their businesses. Even though they both were successful businesses, both companies had different leadership styles, visions and goals. Out of the two businesses, only one remain successful and present today. In this paper, I will show how both businesses started, how the leaders differ in leadership styles and techniques, and how Amazon continues to be a great success today. Description of the Businesses I will describe each business and how each business started. I will also describe three main challenges each company faced while establishing or running the business. Amazon. com was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos as an online bookstore. As CEO he has built it into the largest retailer on the web, selling everything from groceries to electronics and shoes. Jeff Bezos was working in a quantitive analysis group at an investment firm, when he saw an opportunity to sell books on the internet. In 1994 he went on a cross-country drive from New York to Seattle to start Amazon. He typed his business plan as he went. And he picked up $300,000 dollars from his parents in Fort Worth, Texas. He set up his business in his garage and began selling books via the internet. His business became worth $4. 4 billion according to Forbes' latest billionaire rankings in 2009. Since the start of Amazon. om, Jeff Bezos came very close to failure. The company was on the brink of bankruptcy. Jeff Bezos lost a total of $550 million in startup cost by November 1999. But inspite of that, Time magazine named Jeff Bezos † Person of the year† a month later. Borders Books was founded by Louis Borders, who was the leader of Borders Books and got his start in Ann Arbor Michigan in 1971. Louis Borders and his brother Tom Borders opened a used bookstore, accord ing to the book eBoys by Randall Stross. Louis Borders had a degree in math from the University of Michigan. In his store, he went to work designing artificial intelligence software for managing the inventory of a supersize bookstore, and by doing so made opening more bookstores possible. For fifteen years he and his brother operated Border Books in Ann Arbor and sold software to other stores. Borders started opening more stores. In 1988, Borders recruited Robert DiRomualdo to lead the company's expansion. Roberts DiRomualdo was later credited with leading the company's rise to national prominence in the 1990s. In 1992, Kmart Corp; which bought Waldenbooks in 1984, purchased the 21-store chain for an estimated $190 million , the New York Times reported at that time. Once sold, Border Books went through several changes including the name changing to Borders Group Inc. and changes in CEOs. Between January 1998 to January 1999 Borders expanded by adding 52 superstores. This was the biggest one-year expansion in its history. By January 1999, the company had 256 superstores averaging $256 in sales per square foot. In May 1998, Borders launched an online presence for the first time. Borders had several different CEOs until Mike Edwards became interim CEO in January of 2010. Leadership Styles This paragraph will explain the leaders' leadership styles and discuss how they have adapted to cultural differences and how they operates their businesses effectively in global markets. Mike Edwards became interim CEO of Borders in January 2010. This was a time when sales were already at a decline and the company had already been close to filing bankruptcy but avoided it by cutting costs and conserving cash. The company was already at an organizational decline. Prior to him becoming CEO, Borders had already lauched an online presence for the first time in May 1998. Since then, severing ties with Amazon, the company launched a new Borders. com. So after Mike Edwards was named CEO of subsidiary Borders Inc. in June 2010, Borders launched e-book store, started selling e-readers and set strategies to get 17 percent market share in e-books within a year. Doing this online business was with a hope to increase sales nationally and globally. But I believe a mistake was made by continuing to run the business somewhat the same, but just cutting cost. Mike Edwards didn't make the changes necessary o adapt to cultural differences and was not able to operate the business effectively in global markets. Previously Borders had business base in Australia, New Zealand and Singapore but had to sell off its business in those areas. Due to the condition Borders was in when Edwards came on as CEO, didn't allow for a great chance of bouncing back from their losse s. Mike Edwards' style was to hurry and cut cost and to do quickly what he could to save the company. Really, he had no choice but to do this quickly. Jeff Bezos has a style of having a customer-focused culture and he continues to use the leadership methods they have used for years. He makes it difficult for some publicly traded companies to have the right strategy. He makes sure that Amazon. com follows different strategies to acquire business but at the same time adapting to any cultural differences that take place. He operates the business by reaching out to different global areas through his web based business. Jeff Bezos make sure he keeps up with the competition by changing the company's strategies quickly to adapt to any changes in technology, customer needs and competition. He believes that experimenting different things will attract different cultures. Jeff Bezos believes that cultures are very stable. New people who come to the company may stay or leave. But he states that overtime, you build up this momentum around a culture that is self-perpetuating. This is a way to adjust to to different cultural differnces as well. Leadership, Management, and Motivation Management is getting work done through others efficiently and effectively. Leading involves inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals. Jeff Bezos, who founded Amazon. com in 1994, states that his view is that every company requires a long-term view. He feels that if you're going to take a long-term orientation, you have to be willing to stay heads down and ignore a wide array of critics, even well-meaning critics. If you don't have a willingness to be misundertood for a long period of time, then you can't have a long-term orientation. He also states that you're also gonna have to have a willingness to repeatedly fail if you're gonna experiment. For some, this is a exciting and motivating culture. Also, he no longer makes all the plans. He has a group called the S Team that (Senior Team) which stays abreast of what the company is doing. This team meets for about four hours every Tuesday. And once or twice a year the S team gets together in a tw-day meeting to explore ideas. This is an example of group decision making. On the other hand, Mike Edwards' focus was to stick to the business plan that he said works. He stated that they were fighting to the end and hoping that a reorganization plan would be approved. By cutting back and closing some stores would help Borders to exit bankruptcy. He did state that Borders mistake was to open so many stores. He immediatley took action and began an aggressive cost-cutting plan to close stores and lay-off workers. Leader’s Impact Jeff Bezos made an impact on the world by allowing customers worldwide via the web to purchase books, and everything from groceries, electronics and shoes and more. This allowed customers to shop from the comfort of their own home. This was a great convenience for customers around the globe. Also, Louis Borders vision had an impact on the world as well. When Borders and his brother Tom started Borders Books, Louis Bothers took his knowledge and designed artificial intelligience that would later benefit other stores by selling them the software to use for their businesses as well. Boarder Books stores allowed customers to purchase all types of books and also to have an peaceful environment to enjoy reading their books. Borders Books later intergrated music and movies into some of their stores. Even though Mike Edwards didn't become CEO of subsidairy Borders Inc. until June 2010, he made an impact on the internal structure by taking drastic measures to save the company by closing alot of the stores and laying-off employees. This not only affected the employees but the consumers who shopped at Borders as well. All these drastic actions also affected the morale of the employees and stores that remained until Borders announced it's liquidation in July 2011. } References Bomey, Nathan (2011). Borders' rise and fall: a timeline of the bookstore chain's 40-year history. http://Ann Arbor. com/business-review/Borders-rise-and-fall-a-timeline-of-the-bookstore-chains-40-year-history Bomey, Nathan (2011). Exclusive interview with Borders

Enrollment System Essay

1.1 Background of the Problem The Enrollment System is a system by which the students transact business with the school, by knowing what section they belong through evaluating their grades by the teachers. In every year, it is expected that enrollees are increasing and the schedule of the enrollment system of the school is easier and reliable. Nowadays technology industry arises; each company needs to have its own computerized system that can manage their reports effectively. The team decided to conduct a study of their school Silway-8 National High School to enhance their knowledge and skills in computer regarding this Computerized Enrollment System. We will offer fast and accurate processing of enrollment system, implement a strong security in maintaining files and design a user a friendly interface. If this will push through, only this school in their district has this computerized system. The school will be pioneering of this program. We are looking forward for this program to install it earlier as long as po ssible. 1.2 Overview of the Current State of Technology Silway-8 National High School is one of the schools having big population located at Silway-8 Polomolok South Cotabato and establish on June 1987. Presently, it has 34 faculty staff and maximum of 1,350 students. And the school uses a manual system that takes a lot of time and effort. Since there are only one personnel assigned to each year level to accommodate students. They encountered problems too like experiencing flood and all the records are being gone. The chairman who is in charge will face a hard time about it. In this regard, this proposal, an Automated Enrollment System would solve the aforementioned burdens. This study serves as a total in so achieving a well-compiled data system as well as generating reports. 1.3 Project Rationale Computerized Enrollment System is design for the benefits of Silway-8 National High School. It helps the faculty in monitoring the records of the students. Automated Enrollment System is use to make the transaction fast, and accurate. It can display the records of each student through student ID number and all other information.

Essay about Lauching a Product

Essay about Lauching a Product Essay about Lauching a Product RENOVIDA 1. INTRODUCTION This work is intended for the market launch of a soap for the face "Magic Sun", which has as its active ingredient an extract of aà §aà ­, who with his power energy, can in combination with minerals and moisturizing creams, protection from lightning the sun's damaging, a range of factor number 15, 20 and 25. 2. VISION The Renovida's vision in a year and a half to expand the line, throwing a soap for the whole body, with scrub here three years and a line of shampoos and conditioner for hair. You will need to invest in machinery, staff training, research, etc. 3. MISSION The Renovida mission is to create better living conditions through management techniques and research, always looking for the full satisfaction of its employees. It focuses on the rejuvenation to customers and control of acne. The customer is not only consumers but Renovida family member. 4. SWOT ANALYSIS - Opportunities In approximately 2 (two) years of research, we found a deficiency in the personal care segment, missing three factors together, practicality, quality and price. Among the people interviewed about 90% of consumers were female and the remaining men, so one can see a product that was needed to collaborate with the vanity of the consumer and be accessible to social classes A and B. Today's consumer lives in a constant race against time and note its appearance discouraged and threatened affecting their personal and professional. It was then decided that Renovida fill this gap in the consumer market by launching the "MAGIC SUN" (Soap with Sunscreen Filter). The company is focused on addressing the needs of daily hygiene and protection of skin exposure to sunlight, with the addition of three products soap, moisturizer and sunscreen are entering an era of innovation in the cosmetics line. This product is unique, a market that tends to grow much, because it has a great demand among social classes A and B. Besides being unique, cost / benefit ratio is far superior to existing products on the market. Today is a need to buy a sunscreen soap and making the price of non-viable, since the difference is approximately 60%, as shown below: Sunscreen + Soap = $ 50.00 Magic Sun = $ 30.00 - Forces The product has great potential for growth, as a soap composed of a pleasant scent, hypoallergenic, moisturizing and "sunscreen" is all the consumer mainly looking for female and male. The sunscreen for about ten years ago, was virtually unknown and now is part of life for everyone, but a factor that inhibits their growth is the difficulty or lack of time available to apply the gel or cream. Therefore, we think of a practical product, attractive cost and above all quality. The company has a highly trained and specialized in the field of cosmetics. Since this is a small team, the administration is facilitated and the conduction for the development of their tasks will have higher standards. One of the major satisfactions of the company is always well to keep updated on the market and your competitors. Despite being a brand new, the company will show to your audience, the image quality that practices throughout its structure. - Threats They are our direct competitors manufacturers of soaps such as pharmacies, which we consider an example to be followed. Although there are potential this niche between the pharmacies did not develop a product with this order, and from this space left by it we are to enter and work above all with quality, always meeting the needs of the client (by detecting failures of competitors .) As our competitors may cite companies that manufacture sunscreens, such as: Sundown, Coppertone, Banana Boat, pharmacies and other manipulation. - Weaknesses Being an innovative product, it may take a while to fall in love the audience. Competition is big investments in advertising and already has a structure of production and logistics related to the other products they

Frederick Griffith essays

Frederick Griffith essays Frederick Griffith is a scientist that was trying to discover a vaccine for pneumonia. The reason for his experiment was to see if injections of heat killed virulent bacteria would kill the mice. He found that the mixture of live non-virulent bacteria and heat-killed bacteria would kill the mice. The result would be live encapsulated virulent bacteria. This experiment became known as transformation that was named the transforming factor. Along with O.T. Avery at Rockefeller university. He realized that the work that they figured out that from one gene of a species or bacteria cell could be passed on or could be inherited. By his discovery they found that DNA is made up of nucleotides each consisting of a Nitrogen base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. His discovery was slowly recognized. Because of bacteria, they were considered prokaryotes and were considered lower and different. They thought that it was too simple that DNA consisted of only four different nucleotides. In 1952 Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase figured out what hereditary information directs the syntheses of new viruses within bacteria cells. The experiment were two separate phases one with DNA labeled the other with the protein labled. They found that 35s had remained outside the bacterial cells with the viral coats empty. For the 32 p had entered the cells, infected them and caused the new product of viral particles. That left DNA the only genetic material of bacteriophage. Alfred Mirsky found that somatic cells of a species contain equal amounts of DNA. But the cremates, however did not carry as much DNA as somatic cells they carried  ½ the # of somatic cells. Erwin Chargaff made a second contribution to Mirshys discovery. Chargaff analyzed the nitrogen bases of different living things and found that, the nitrogen bases do not occur equal. They vary from species to species. In his study of purines and pyrimidines the ...

10 Common ESL Mistakes

10 Common ESL Mistakes 10 Common ESL Mistakes 10 Common ESL Mistakes By Guest Author This is a guest post by Pratiti Diddi. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. Learning a new language is never easy. Below you will find ten common mistakes among students of English as a second language. Even if you are a native English speaker I guess you could use a reminder on some of them. Incorrect: My sister is photographer. Correct: My sister is a photographer. Incorrect: It is more cold today. Correct: It is colder today. Incorrect: I have told you all what I know. Correct: I have told you all (that) I know. Incorrect: Which is the biggest city of the world? Correct: Which is the biggest city in the world? Incorrect: I have done a mistake. Correct: I have made a mistake. Incorrect: I have been here since three days. Correct: I have been here for three days. Incorrect: We waited one and a half hour. Correct: We waited one and a half hours. Incorrect: According to me, it’s a bad film. Correct: In my opinion, it’s a bad film. Incorrect: It’s getting winter. Correct: Its getting to be winter. Incorrect: Except Angie, everybody was there. Correct: Except for Angie, everybody was there. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?Adverbs and Hyphens

Technology and Innovation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology and Innovation management - Essay Example The best example for the creation and disappearance of industries due to the emergence of new technologies is manifestation of the many technological changes in the music industry. The topic also defines strategic management as an ongoing process upon which an organization aligns itself to meeting the challenges brought out by the changing environment. I have learnt that this part of the topic is much related to IT networking administrator, my place of work. As an IT networking administrator, I see the dynamic nature of technology and innovation as something that will require me to constantly keep in touch with it. Consistent with the tenets of strategic management, as an IT networking administrator must implement policies that will lead to meeting the objectives of the group. Part II of the topic is concerned with how firms create new technology, processes or products to meet their internal objectives. The topic asserts that though process innovation is difficult to implement, firms should strive to develop or make improvements in their systems and process to make it a reality. Further, the topic points out that leadership, engagement, and extension are the main elements necessary for effective implementation of an innovation. As noted by Ashton, Metzler & Associates (n.d) an IT networking administrator need to be in a position that is up to date with the current innovation. As an IT networking administrator, I see myself as a leader who needs to integrate leadership qualities, engagement and extension into my day-to-day operations for my career to be successful. This part of the topic asserts that planning process is normally affected by the external method used by a given business. In addition, the topic points out that for proper implementation of an innovation, a firm requires to address the four primary elements, which include execution, leadership, integration and

Teaching with Tech by Vicky Hallett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching with Tech by Vicky Hallett - Essay Example According to Hallett, numerous academic institutions in the United States (US), particularly in the tertiary level, strive to employ the latest technological innovations in the classroom setting. For instance, colleges and universities including the John Hopkins University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology among others encourage the use of gadgets like camera phones, Wi-Fi laptops, course websites and other classroom technologies. The application of these new techniques has substantially revolutionized the learning process. In her article, Hallett asserts that the introduction of each new tool in the classroom brings about opportunities to further enhance the education process and results in the development of new learning models. Indicative of the significant contribution of technology to education, the term "e-learning" was coined. This refers to the use of multi-media technology to support learning and teaching. There are numerous instances that illustrate how technology has improved teaching and learning. For example, utilization of e-learning tools such as web-based courses and podcast lectures has made learning and teaching more flexible. Given these tools, students may easily access lectures of modules anytime, even outside the campus, through the internet. These tools enable students to conveniently review lecture notes or recorded lecture provided online if they misses any important point or find a particular lesson difficult. With these features, the education process is improved such that students are able to learn at their own pace ("Laying the foundation for the Future of Digital Learning," 2004). Similarly, technology has rendered support to teachers by providing additional avenues for learning. By using technology, teachers are able to create a relatively more interactive learning environment. Hallett cites the John Hopkins University as an example. In its biology class, all students are provided with thin blue devices which resemble remote controls. These devices make it possible for the professor to track students' participation. As the teacher flashes a question and corresponding choices on the monitor, students use their devices for pointing their answers on the screen. Similar to "Who Wants to be a Millionaire" their responses are then tabulated to gauge their comprehension of the subject matter presented. Aside from the use of Microsoft Powerpoint, Macromedia and other computer programs for presentation, Hallett also mentions the use of gaming concept in teaching. As more and more students become obsessed with Xbox and Playstation, teachers attempt to use these technological tools to promote interactive learning. Games like "The Sims" and "Civilization" have become part of some teachers' lesson plan. These make lessons more fun and sustain students' attention span. In response, software companies have also released new games which are in line with a specific course.An example of this is "Making History" created by Muzzy Lane Software. This video game allows students to play the role of World War II leaders and use critical thinking as well as teamwork to triumph by coming up with sound political and military judgments.

European Union Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

European Union Law - Case Study Example Hauptzollamt Saarlouis [1966] relied on in Van Duyn v Home Office [1974]. Therefore since Mark works for a Council this can be construed as an emanation of the State (specifically Costanzo [1989] ECR 1839) and it is submitted that the phrase in the Directive "the use of chlorine cleaning agents in swimming pools is prohibited" meets all the criteria for the Directive to be directly applicable. However this is not true for Sunita. The swimming pool is a private company, and she is a user of the pool. Under the 'direct effect' provisions, she would have no redress as she wishes to sue an individual rather than the State or an emanation of the State. As seen in the following case, the Court of Justice does not allow the direct horizontal enforcement of Directives. In Marshall v Southampton and South-West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) [1986] Helen Marshall sought to sue a health authority for retirement age discrimination under the Equal Treatment Directive 1976. The Court of Justice held that there was no 'horizontal effect' to a Directive where a government had failed to implement a Directive. Helen Marshall could not sue the Health Authority in these circumstances. If the employer is not the State or an emanation of the State th... If the employer is not the State or an emanation of the State then the Court of Justice allows the national court to look at indirect effect. In the absence of domestic legislation being in place, national courts are empowered by the Court of Justice to enforce the provisions of the Directive in order to ensure that the aim of the Directive is carried out. In this case the aim of the Directive is to prohibit the use of chlorine in all swimming pools throughout Member States. The national court would therefore be called upon to make the use of chlorine cleaning agents unlawful in the UK and sanction the transgressors accordingly, providing remedies under standard contractual law within the precedents currently relied upon by national courts. In Von Coulson and Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984] 2 female applicants successfully sued prison administrators for sexual discrimination when 2 posts advertised for social workers went to males. The question before the court was whether the Equal Treatment Directive 1976 specifically required that discrimination be remedied by the appointment of the complainant to the post. The Court of Justice said no, but that it did require the national law to provide an adequate and effective remedy: "national courts are required to interpret their national law in the light of the wording and the purpose of the Directive in order to achieve the result referred to in the third paragraph of Article [249]." 2 An advantage of this approach is that unlike direct effect the provisions in question do not have to be clear, precise, unconditional and require no further implementation. Hence Van Coulson was able to indirectly rely on the provision against a State employer. We are specifically told that the only

Glio Tumors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glio Tumors - Essay Example However, spinal cord, optic nerves, etc. are often affected by Glio tumors in the human body. (Markert, pp. 11-12) Humans have always classified things according to its specifications for a better understanding, and therefore, gliomas have been categorized according to different types of cells, as well as, grading. In terms of types of cells, Ependymomas, Astrocytomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Oligoastrocytomas are some of the names of Gliomas. On the other hand, World Health Organizations has classified gliomas according to its pathological evaluation. In this regard, pilocytic astrocytoma, low-grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme are the different classified gliomas according to the WHO grading system in the ascending order. (Barnett, pp. 23-25) It has been observed that worst prognosis is usually confronted in last grade of gliomas, which results in the maximum human survival of a year. Briefly, nausea, headache, cranial nerve disorder, and vomiting are some of the usual symptoms of brain gliomas. Patients of Glio tumors often complain of visual loss, which is caused due to the affected optic nerve in the human brain. Numbness in the extremities can also be caused by the gliomas in the spinal cord of human body. In cases of high-graded gliomas, progressive memory is one of the most widespread symptoms of Glio tumors. (Barnett, pp. 29-31) In terms of prognosis of Glio tumors, most of the experts and neurosurgeons have accepted that it is incurable. Poor results have been observed during the diagnosis of patients with worse gliomas. In specific, worst results during prognosis have been shown by Glioblastoma multiforme. In such cases, three months is the maximum survival time for the patients in times of no treatment. (Markert, pp. 41-44) Symptomatic therapy, palliative therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are some of the common treatments of Glio tumors. However, one of the

Art Curation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art Curation - Research Paper Example With the accommodation of terms such as performative, or self-reflexive, it is clear that curating is no longer only about exhibitions. This form of discourse proves that curating is slowly turning into a visible, self-critical and transparent process. The rising transformation and visibility of the exhibition since the 20th century has encouraged students to develop a motivation for engaging with the history of curation. On one hand, the transformation narrows down to the foundation of new institutions that accommodate for the exhibition of contemporary art, increasing temporalisation of museums as well as expanding the art market with countless art fairs and gallery shows(Vogel, 2013)1. Besides the need to renovate museums and enlarge their temporary exhibition spaces for marketing and other economic-related reasons, an artistic engagement with the museum’s collection has become a critical requirement for everymuseum. Regardless of the fact that these strategies are based on permanent collections, the presentation approaches have replaced the atemporal collection displaythat is viewed as rigid and authoritative(Altshuler, 2012)2. On the other hand, the art exhibition is changing to an extent that it encourages us to appreciate a range of typologies that overshadow the conventional formats of solo, group or thematic shows. The discourse in art curation considers the growth of new artistic practices that include institutional critique or conceptual art(Bourriaud, 2002)3.

Glio Tumors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glio Tumors - Essay Example However, spinal cord, optic nerves, etc. are often affected by Glio tumors in the human body. (Markert, pp. 11-12) Humans have always classified things according to its specifications for a better understanding, and therefore, gliomas have been categorized according to different types of cells, as well as, grading. In terms of types of cells, Ependymomas, Astrocytomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Oligoastrocytomas are some of the names of Gliomas. On the other hand, World Health Organizations has classified gliomas according to its pathological evaluation. In this regard, pilocytic astrocytoma, low-grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme are the different classified gliomas according to the WHO grading system in the ascending order. (Barnett, pp. 23-25) It has been observed that worst prognosis is usually confronted in last grade of gliomas, which results in the maximum human survival of a year. Briefly, nausea, headache, cranial nerve disorder, and vomiting are some of the usual symptoms of brain gliomas. Patients of Glio tumors often complain of visual loss, which is caused due to the affected optic nerve in the human brain. Numbness in the extremities can also be caused by the gliomas in the spinal cord of human body. In cases of high-graded gliomas, progressive memory is one of the most widespread symptoms of Glio tumors. (Barnett, pp. 29-31) In terms of prognosis of Glio tumors, most of the experts and neurosurgeons have accepted that it is incurable. Poor results have been observed during the diagnosis of patients with worse gliomas. In specific, worst results during prognosis have been shown by Glioblastoma multiforme. In such cases, three months is the maximum survival time for the patients in times of no treatment. (Markert, pp. 41-44) Symptomatic therapy, palliative therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are some of the common treatments of Glio tumors. However, one of the

Analyse employment relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyse employment relations - Essay Example As for the employment relation, it is the changes in the socio political context that now includes HRM, and a reduced power of labor unions along with agile management and altering social attitudes. Thus, creating a more diverse landscape, it is also related to the relationship that the management and the employees hold with each other in almost every area of the industry. It can be easily stated that employment relation works better if taken as a philosophy, rather than a function of the management (Wilton, 2010). In the Australian context, the changes have been rather massive in both the areas. These being innovative in nature have brought many new terms in the employment relations, such as commitment, involvement, and performance of the high order. Thus, the management has started to work on new ways to inculcate factors, such as team work and multitasking, so that higher productivity can be achieved. This makes the need to study employment relations huge over the years (Lansbury, 2000). However, it has also been observed that employees working in the aforementioned country are not happy with what has been going on. This means that they feel that the wok is too much and provides very low security. Thus, the need to cater to such issues has also risen in the recent year, which has increased the need to cater to employment relations more (Appelbaum et al. 2000, Davis and Gollan, 1999, Wood and Albanese, 1995, Lansbury, 2000). The following lines will be discussing the whys and hows of the employee relations and changes that occurred recently in this arena. The following lines will also be examining why industrial relations have become less relevant to the study of workplace relations now, than it was in 1980, as well as determining the extent to which the term employment relations best describe the changes that have occurred in workplaces since 1980, relating it with the Australian working arena. As far as the strengths and weaknesses of the unitarist, pluralist, and r adical theoretical perspectives are concerned, it has been observed that the unitarist perspective aims at employee commitment, as well as loyalty by the fusion of the interests of both, employee as well as the employer (Guest and Peccei, 2001 & The Typed Gold, 2010). Also, used for stakeholder management, it caters to handing a win-win situation for the managers by aligning the goals and interests of both parties. However, this perspective also has its weaknesses; this theory does not cater to the power imbalance between the parties and must identify that managers hold an upper hand in terms of power. As conflict is a highly off-putting clause here, it ignores the fact that there are also certain conflicts that are advantageous to the organization in nature, for example the task conflict. Other than that, it is also unclear about how the feelings of the worker are aligned with those of the employer. As for the pluralist perspective, it caters to effective IR interventions made to r esolve conflicts that act as a substitute in decision making process. The approach does not ignore conflict like the one stated previously and uses the same conflict scenario to understand the roots of many problems. The current perspective, thus, might have companies that have a ‘no union policy’ as well as those that encourage such unions so that diverse cultures can be obtained. It does not, however, ignore the fact that unions have a role. Yet, this perspective also holds certain weaknesses, such as too much reliance on rules and regulations, and somewhat also ignores those processes that directly help resolving conflicts (Gennard, and Judge, 2002 and the typed gold, 2010). Furthermore, it also fails to realize that state has

Qualitative Social Research Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Social Research Essay Sociological researcher, Steven Taylor, in his articles discusses the moral and ethical issues researchers must grapple with when they are carrying out studies of abusive behavior in institutions that have weak and disadvantaged people in our society. He cites his own 1 year work experience in a state institution for the mentally retarded to highlight his concerns. He describes it as being in deplorable physical condition and grossly understaffed. The attendants had little training and there were no therapy programs. They controlled the inmates through verbal and physical abuse directly to them and forcing them to clean up their own mess, including feces and urine. They also pitted some inmates against others, such as giving and withholding favors of coffee, food and drugs. Further they forced them to perform humiliating acts such as swallowing lit cigarettes and performing fellatio on each other. Mr. Taylor felt that in order to gain the trust of the attendants and thereby get more valid observations, he had to develop a rapport with them. He did so by drinking beer with them and socializing in other ways. He also played the naive student role and refrained from being critical about their methods. Nevertheless, he was troubled by the abusive behavior he witnessed, but in a quandary as to what to do about it. The attendants, for their part, rationalized their behavior by saying â€Å"the inmates don’t hurt like we do† and treating their actions as entertainment. Personally, I suspect they really didn’t know how to properly treat the inmates and were desperate to try anything that seemed to control them at least in the short run. The author then posed the question as to what the researcher should do in the face of this ethical dilemma during his study. He considered 4 alternatives ; 1)intervene. , for example to as attendant to stop or threaten to inform his supervisor. The problem with this approach is that it would spell an end to rapport with the attendants and thereby hinder the researcher’s ability to collect data on daily activities. 2) leave field. But research is needed to learn why people abuse. 3) blow the whistle. This would obviously shatter rapport and violate the confidentiality provisions of the ASA Code of Ethics. 4 continue study- which is what Mr. Taylor did. Obviously he felt that although this might not appear to be a good option it was the â€Å"least bad† to him. The author then suggests 4 ways to deal with immoral acts; 1 participation in abuses. He contends this is never justified, and that research goals can be accomplished without making human subjects suffer. Furthermore it is I clear violation of the ASA Code of Ethics. 2 ) observation of abuse. This may be the price to pay for conducting field research in immoral situations, but a person can never sit idly by in extreme cases like murder and rape. 3 inadvertently contribute to abuse because of reactive effects . It is clear that often this can’t be controlled by the researcher and therefore can’t be resolved by a professional code of ethics. However the researcher can refrain from encouraging it, for example pretending not to hear an invitation to join in such behavior. 4) doing something about abuse after study, that is, by publishing it and trying to get political action especially through mass media such as TV and newspapers. Finally Taylor concludes the researcher should 1) debate moral and ethical issues before embarking on a particular study and 2) make his own assessment about how to resolve professional ethics and personal morality. Reference Taylor, Steven J. â€Å"Observing Abuse. Professional Ethics and Personal Morality in Field Research†

Background Of Language Learning Strategies English Language Essay

Background Of Language Learning Strategies English Language Essay This chapter covers the background of language learning strategies (LLS), the literature review including the definitions of key terms, classifications of LLS, the characteristics of LLS, the factors influencing the choice of LLS, evidences from previous research studies, the teachers role in LLS training, and theoretical concepts. 2.1 Background of Language Learning Strategies Research on language learning strategies has been conducted since the 1960s. Williams and Burden (1997, p. 149) stated that developments in cognitive psychology influenced much of research done on language learning strategies. In most of the research on language learning strategies, the principal concern has been on identifying what good language learners report they do to learn a second or foreign language, or, in some cases, are observed doing while learning a second or foreign language (Rubin Wenden 1987, p. 19). In 1966, Carton published The Method of Inference in Foreign Language Study, which was the initial effort to describe second language learners strategies. Then in 1971, Rubin began to conduct research regarding the strategies of successful learners and affirmed that, once acknowledged, such strategies could be made available to less successful learners. Rubin (1975) categorized strategies in terms of processes contributing directly or indirectly to language learning. Won g-Fillmore (1976), Tarone (1977), Naiman et al. (1978), Bialystok (1979), Cohen and Aphek (1981), Wenden (1982), Chamot and OMalley (1987), Politzer and McGroarty (1985), Conti and Kolsody (1997), and many others have also researched strategies employed by language learners during foreign language learning. 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Defining concepts There have been many researchers trying to give a definition of the term language learning strategies. In the ancient Greek language, Strategy = strategia means generalship or the knack of fighting (Yi et al., 2007). In a more precise intelligence, strategy entails the most favourable supervision of troops, ships or aircraft in a designed operation while tactic is diverse, but is associated with sub-strategies which are the apparatus to accomplish the achievement of strategies. In non-military settings, the concept of strategy has been applied to the non-adversarial situations, where it has come to imply an arrangement, movement or an act is used for attaining a detailed purpose (Oxford, 1990). Oxford (1990) stated that strategies are particularly important for language learning because they are tools for active, self-directed involvement, which is essential for developing communicative competence (p. 1). Because they are very noteworthy, learning strategies have been broadly employe d in the learning field. Many researchers have tried to give definitions to language learning strategy using different terms and different concepts of their own which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Many researchers have conceptualised variously the term language learning strategies. Strategy originates from ancient Greek language strategia, which implies fighting capability (Yi et al., 2007). Regarding military field, strategy is fundamental to troop surveillance, while tactic is a tool to achieve the strategic goal. Apart from militarism, strategy has been defined as preparedness to accomplish a target (Oxford, 1990). To develop communicative competence, strategies are indispensable to language learning (Oxford, 1990, p.1). For this reason, most researchers have viewed language learning strategy diversely as follows. Schemeck (1988) defined strategy as the performance of a set of actions (tactics) for accomplishing some goal and learning strategy as a chain of actions for accomplishing learning (p. 5). Weinstein and Mayer (1986) explained that learning strategies are behaviours and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning and that are projected to persuade the learners encoding process (p. 315). More specifically, Rigney (1978) gave a definition of a learning strategy as cognitive strategy which is used to indicate operations and procedures that the student may use to acquire, retain, and retrieve different kinds of knowledge and performance (p. 165). Rubin (1975) defined strategies as the techniques or devices, which a learner may use to acquire knowledge (p. 43). Later, Rubin (1981) did a study to discover cognitive strategies in second language learning and got to know the distinction between direct and indirect language learning strategies. In 1987, Rubin proposed language learning strategies as strategies which lead to the improvement of the language structure which the learner builds and which shapes learning from then on (p. 23). She also recommended that language learning strategies consist of any set of operations, steps, plans, routines used by the learner to facilitate the obtaining, storage, retrieval and use of information (p. 19). Bialystock (1978) defined learning strategies as optional means for exploiting available information to improve competence in a second language (p. 71). He then identified four kinds of language learning strategies: (a) formal practising; (b) functional practising; (c) monitoring; and (d) inferencing. According to OMalley et al. (1985), language learning strategies have been broadly defined as any set of operations or steps used by a learner that will facilitate the acquisition, storage, retrieval or use of information (p. 23). In this study, they classified twenty-six strategies into three subgroups: metacognitive, cognitive, and social-affective. In the same way, Chamot (1987) said learning strategies are techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information (p. 71). She proposed that some language learning strategies are observable, but some may not be. In a cognitive perspect ive, OMalley and Chamot thought of language learning strategies as the special thoughts or behaviours that individuals used to help them comprehend, learn, or retain new information (p. 1). Nisbet (1986) gave another explanation of language learning strategies as always determined and goal-oriented, but perhaps not always accepted at a conscious or deliberate level. They can be long-lasting or so speedy in implementation that it is unfeasible for the learner to bring back, recall or even be responsive that one has utilized a strategy (p. 25). Oxford and Crookall (1989) defined language learning strategies as steps taken by the learner to aid the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information (p. 404). They noted that strategies may be used consciously but they can also become habitual and automatic with practice. Similarly, Oxford (1990) claimed that learning strategies are steps taken by students to enhance their own learning (p. 1), and she said they were specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to new situations (p. 8). Scrella Oxford (1992) found that learnin g strategies were specific actions, behaviours, steps, or techniques-such as seeking out conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult language task-used by students to enhance their own learning (p. 63). MacIntyre (1994) argued that the term strategy implied active planning in pursuit of some goal, which was not something that would automatically occur. He emphasised the learners deliberate action of language learning strategies. He provided a different perspective of defining language learning strategies as the actions chosen by language students that are intended to facilitate language acquisition and communication (p. 190). The definition focuses more on learners intention and choice in using language learning strategies. In 1999, Nunan gave the definition of learning strategies as mental and communicative procedures learners use in order to learn and use language (p. 171). Four researchers, Chamot, Barnhadt, El-Dinary Rubbins (1999), defined learning strategies as the thoughts and actions engaged in, consciously or not, to learn new information (p. 1). Lastly, Hall (2001) referred learning strategies to goal-directed actions that were used by learners to mediate their own learni ng (p. 92). Researchers have recognized and illustrated language learning strategies which language learners use when they process new information and perform responsibilities (Hismanoglu, 2000). In the subsequent section, how different researchers have classified language learning strategies will be shortly summarized. Language learners should know exactly the strategies to be used in order to improve their achievement. Cohen, Weaver, Li (1996) argued that: Strategies for language learning and language use have been receiving ever-growing attention in the areas of foreign language teaching and learning (Oxford 1990, Cohen 1990, OMalley Chamot 1990, Wenden 1991, Brown 1991, Rubin Thompson 1994, Mendelsohn 1994, Mc Donough 1995). It is fair to say that language educators in many different contexts have been seeking ways to help students become more successful in their efforts to learn and communicate in foreign languages. The application of foreign language learning and use strategies is viewed as one vehicle for promoting greater success. A strategy is considered to be effective if it provides positive support to the students in their attempts to learn or use the foreign language. (p. 3) The Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency (2009) defines successful learners as: people who own essential literate learning skills, numeracy and information and technology of communication. people who have good sense of creativity, are resourceful in identifying and problem solving. people who process information, reason, question and carry out evaluation by themselves. people who communicate in many means. people who understand how they learn and learn from their mistakes. people who are able to learn individually and work in groups. people who have world knowledge. people who enjoy learning and are motivated to achieve the best they can now and in the future. 2.2.2 Taxonomy of Language Learning Strategies Since the 1960s, the research of language learning strategies has been conducted by many language researchers (Wenden Rubin, 1987; OMalley et al., 1985; Oxford, 1990; Stern, 1992; Ellis, 1994). Most of these attempts to categorize language learning strategies are a sign of more or less the same classifications of language learning strategies without any fundamental changes. As below, OMalleys (1985), Rubins (1987), Sterns (1992), and Oxfords (1990) taxonomies of language learning strategies will be described: 2.2.2.1 OMalleys (1985) Classification of Language Learning Strategies OMalley et al. (1985, pp. 582-584) divide language learning strategies into three main subcategories: Metacognitive Strategies Cognitive Strategies Socioaffective Strategies A. Metacognitive Strategies It can be stated that metacognitive is a term to express executive function, strategies which require planning for learning, thinking about the learning process as it is taking place, monitoring of ones production or comprehension, and evaluating learning after an activity is complete. Among the main metacognitive strategies, it is possible to include advance organizers, directed attention, selective attention, self-management, functional planning, self-monitoring, delayed production, self-evaluation. B. Cognitive Strategies Cognitive strategies are more limited to specific learning tasks and they involve more direct manipulation of the learning material itself. Repetition, resourcing, translation, grouping, note-taking, deduction, recombination, imaginary, auditory representation, key word, contextualization, elaboration, transfer, influencing are among the most important cognitive strategies. C. Socioaffective Strategies As to the socioaffective strategies, it can be stated that they are related with social-mediating activity and transacting with others. Cooperation and questioning for clarification are the main socioaffective strategies (Brown, 1987, pp. 93-94). 2.2.2.2 Rubins (1987) Classification of Language Learning Strategies Rubin, who pioneered much of the work in the field of strategies, makes the distinction between strategies contributing directly to learning and those contributing indirectly to learning. According to Rubin (1987), there are three types of strategies used by learners that contribute directly or indirectly to language learning. These are: Learning Strategies Communication Strategies Social Strategies A. Learning Strategies They are of two main types, being the strategies contributing directly to the development of the language system constructed by the learner: Cognitive Learning Strategies Metacognitive Learning Strategies A.1 Cognitive Learning Strategies They refer to the steps or operations used in learning or problem-solving that requires direct analysis, transformation, or synthesis of learning materials. Rubin identified six main cognitive learning strategies contributing directly to language learning: Clarification/Verification Guessing/Inductive Inferencing Deductive Reasoning Practice Memorization Monitoring A.2 Metacognitive Learning Strategies These strategies are used to oversee, regulate or self-direct language learning. They involve various processes as planning, prioritizing, setting goals, and self-management. B. Communication Strategies They are less directly related to language learning since their focus is on the process of participating in a conversation and getting meaning or clarifying what the speaker intended. Communication strategies are used by speakers when faced with some difficulty due to the fact that their communication ends outrun their communication means or when confronted with misunderstanding by a co-speaker. C. Social Strategies Social strategies are those activities learners engage in which afford them opportunities to be exposed to and practice their knowledge. Although these strategies provide exposure to the target language, they contribute indirectly to learning since they do not lead directly to the obtaining, storing, retrieving, and using of language (Rubin Wenden, 1987, pp. 23-27). 2.2.2.3 Sterns (1992) Classification of Language Learning Strategies According to Stern (1992, pp. 262-266), there are five main language learning strategies as follows: Management and Planning Strategies Cognitive Strategies Communicative-Experiential Strategies Interpersonal Strategies Affective Strategies A. Management and Planning Strategies These strategies are related to the learners intention to direct his own learning. A learner can take charge of the development of his own programme when he is helped by a teacher whose role is that of an adviser and resource person. This is to say that the learner must decide what commitment to make to language learning set himself reasonable goals decide on an appropriate methodology, select appropriate resources, and monitor progress, evaluate his achievement in the light of previously determined goals and expectations (Stern, 1992, p. 263). B. Cognitive Strategies They are steps or operations used in learning or problem solving that require direct analysis, transformation, or synthesis of learning materials. In the following, some of the cognitive strategies are exhibited: Clarification/Verification Guessing/Inductive Inferencing Deductive Reasoning Practice Memorization Monitoring C. Communicative-Experiential Strategies Communication strategies, such as circumlocution, gesturing, paraphrase, or asking for repetition and explanation are techniques used by learners so as to keep a conversation going. The purpose of using these techniques is to avoid interrupting the flow of communication (Stern, 1992, p. 265). D. Interpersonal Strategies They should monitor their own development and evaluate their own performance. Learners should contact with native speakers and cooperate with them. Learners must become acquainted with the target culture (Stern, 1992, pp. 265-266). E. Affective Strategies It is evident that good language learners employ distinct affective strategies. Language learning can be frustrating in some cases. In some cases, the feeling of strangeness can be evoked by the foreign language. In some cases, L2 learners may have negative feelings about native speakers of L2. Good language learners are more or less conscious of these emotional problems. Good language learners try to create associations of positive affect towards the foreign language and its speakers as well as towards the learning activities involved. Learning training can help students to face up the emotional difficulties and to overcome them by drawing attention to the potential frustrations or pointing them out as they arise (Stern, 1992, p. 266). 2.2.2.4 Oxfords (1990) Classification of Language Learning Strategies Oxford (1990, p. 9) sees the aim of language learning strategies as being oriented towards the development of communicative competence. Oxford divides language learning strategies into two main classes, direct and indirect, which are further subdivided into six groups (cognitive, memory, and compensation under the direct; metacognitive, affective, and social under the indirect class) (see Figure 1). Each of six groups shown above has some more concrete strategies, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Some language learning strategies which relate with learning directly are called direct strategies. All direct strategies require mental processing of the target language, but the three groups of direct strategies (cognitive, memory and compensation) do this processing differently and for different process (Oxford, 1990). Cognitive strategies, such as practising or analysing, enable learners to understand and produce new language by many different means. Memory strategies, such as grouping or using imaginary, have highly specific functions. They help students store and retrieve new information. Compensation strategies, like guessing or using synonyms, allow learners to use the language despite their often large gaps in knowledge. Other language learning strategies are called indirect strategies because they support and manage language learning without, in many instances, directly involving the target language (Oxford, 1990). Indirect strategies are divided into metacognitive, affective and social. Metacognitive strategies allow learners to control their own cognition; that is, learners can coordinate their own learning processes by using study habits such as centering, arranging, planning and evaluating. Affective strategies help regulate emotions, motivations and attitudes. Social strategies help students to learn through interaction with others. Indirect strategies are useful in virtually all language learning situations and are applicable to all four language skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. 2.2.3 Characteristics of Language Learning Strategies Clouston (1997) maintains that the terminology is given differently by researchers, some use the terms learner strategies (Wendin Rubin, 1987), others learning strategies (OMalley Chamot, 1990; Chamot OMalley, 1994), and others still use language learning strategies (Oxford, 1990a, 1996), but there are a number of fundamental characteristics in the commonly acknowledged analysis of LLS. First, learners generate LLS which are steps taken by learners of the language. Second, LLS improve language learning and facilitate enlarge language competency, as feedback in the learners skills in listening, speaking, reading or writing the L2 or FL. Third, LLS might be able to be seen (behaviours, steps, techniques, etc.) or unseen (thoughts, mental processes). Four, LLS engage information and memory (vocabulary knowledge, grammar rules, etc.). Reading the LLS literature, additional aspects of LLS are less consistently acknowledged. Oxford (1990a) and others such as Wenden and Rubin (1987) distinguish an aspiration for control and independence of learning on the part of the learner all the way through LLS. Cohen (1990) persists that only mindful strategies are LLS, and that there must be a selection about the part of the learner. Strategy transferring from one language or language skill to another is an associated purpose of LLS, as Pearson (1988) and Skehan (1989) have argued. In her teacher-oriented text, Oxford sums up her opinion of LLS by citing twelve vital qualities. Additionally, she states that LLS: let learners become more self-directed enlarge the responsibilities of language teachers are problem-oriented include many points of view, not just the cognitive can be educated are changeable are manipulated by a wide range of factors (Oxford, 1990a, p. 9) 2.2.4 Factors Influencing Strategy Choice There are several factors which affect the second language learner with regard to types of strategies she or he chooses to use. Oxford (1994) concluded available research on how the

Transformation of Milkman in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon :: Song Solomon essays Toni Morrison Papers

Transformation of Milkman in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon In Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon, the character of Milkman gradually learns to respect and to listen to women. This essay will examine Milkman's transformation from boy to man. In the first part of the novel, he emulates his father, by being deaf to women's wisdom and women's needs, and casually disrespecting the women he should most respect. He chooses to stray from his father's example and leaves town to obtain his inheritance and to become a self-defined man. From Circe, a witch figure, he is inspired to be reciprocal, and through his struggle for equality with men and then with women, he begins to find his inheritance, which is knowing what it is to fly, not gold. At the end, he acts with kindness and reciprocity with Pilate, learning from her wisdom and accepting his responsibilities to women at last. By accepting his true inheritance from women, he becomes a man, who loves and respects women, who knows he can fly but also knows his responsibilities. In the first part of the novel, Milkman is his father's son, a child taught to ignore the wisdom of women. Even when he is 31, he still needs "both his father and his aunt to get him off" the scrapes he gets into. Milkman considers himself Macon, Jr., calling himself by that name, and believing that he cannot act independently (120). The first lesson his father teaches him is that ownership is everything, and that women's knowledge (specifically, Pilate's knowledge) is not useful "in this world" (55). He is blind to the Pilate's wisdom. When Pilate tell Reba's lover that women's love is to be respected, he learns nothing (94). In the same episode, he begins his incestuous affair with Hagar, leaving her 14 years later when his desire for her wanes. Milkman's experience with Hagar is analogous to his experience with his mother, and serves to "[stretch] his carefree boyhood out for thrifty-one years" (98). Hagar calls him into a room, unbuttons her blouse and smiles (92), just as his mother did (13). Milkman's desire for his mother's milk disappears before she stops milking him, and when Freddie discovers the situation and notes the inappropriateness, she is left without this comfort. Similarly, Milkman ends the affair with Hagar when he loses the desire for her and recognizes that this affair with his cousin is not socially approved, leaving Hagar coldly and consciously, with money and a letter of gratitude.

Chem 1301

Syallubus for CHEM 1301 General Chemistry I Fall 2011 SCIE 2. 106, M,W: 2:35-3:50 Instructor Name: Dr. J. G. Parsons Email: [email  protected] edu Office: Science room number: 3. 348 Phone: Office : 381-7462 Office Hours: M/W: 1:30-2:30 or by appointment CRN: 12626 REQUIRED MATERIALS: Text Book: Chemistry by Julia Burdge (ISBN 978-0-07-302554-4) Scientific calculator (ARIS software package Required) RECOMMENDED MATERIALS: Burdge study guide Blackboard web course and a UTPA email address. CREDIT: Lecture credit: 3 hours. laboratory is a separate one hour course ,1101 series). PREREQUISITES: One year of high school chemistry. College level algebra recommended. Grading: Grading will be based on a 100 point scale 90 – 100 points = A 80 – 89 = B 70 -79 = C 60 – 69 = D Below 60 = F Breakdown of points is as follows: 65% 4 unit exams (lowest is dropped) 10% Homework/Quiz grade 20% final exam. EXPECTIONS and OUTCOMES: 1. To understand and apply methods and appropriate technology to the study of natural sciences. 2.To recognize scientific and quantitative methods and the differences between these approches and other methods of inquiry and to communicate findings, analyses and interpretation both orally and in writing. 3. To identify and recognize the differences among competing scientific theories. 1 4. To demonstrate knowlegdge of the major issues and problems facing modern science, including issuses that touch upon ethics, values, and public policies. 5. To demonstrate knowledge of the interdependence of science and technology and their influence on, and contribution to, modern culture.CLASSROOM POLICIES: Only chemistry questions will be addressed in class. All other questions about the course or grading will be addressed individually during office hours. A schedule showing due dates for assignments and exams will be available on Blackboard. Attendence: Attendance may be taken periodically. Professors will have the option of dropping a student a fter three unexplained absences. Students arriving late to class should notify me that they are present. Class roles are periodically taken and attendence from groups work is also noted.Make-up exams will not be given. The lowest exam score will be dropped and in cases where students miss an exam for any reason, that exam will be the one dropped. Missing two exams usually results in a F for the course. Cheating: Students will be dropped from this course for cheating. Cheating consists of submitting someone else’s work under your name, obtaining information from someone other than the instructor during an exam. Cellular Phones: Cellular phones and/or beepers should be turned off or set to vibrate during the class period. ============================================================== Disability: If you have a documented disability which will make it difficult for you to carry out the work as outlined and/or if you need special accommodations or assistance due to the disability, please contact the Office of Services for Persons with Disabilities (OSPD), at Emilia Ramirez-Schunior Hall, Rm. 1. 101 immediately, or the Associate Director at [email  protected] edu,; 956/316-7005. Appropriate arrangements/ accommodations can be made. =============================================================== TENTETATIVE SCHEDULE: Weeks 1-4: Unit I Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: First Exam Monday, Sept. 19th, 2010 Weeks 5-8: Unit II Gases: Thermochemistry Second Exam CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 5 Monday Oct. 17th, 2001 Weeks 9-12 Unit III Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atom Electronic Configuration and the Perodic Table Third Exam Monday Nov 16th, 2010 Weeks 13-15 Unit IV Chemical Bonding I Basic Concepts Chemical Bonding II, Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Organic Chemistry: Fourth Exam Dec. th, 2010 Important Dates: Sept. 5th 2009 Sept 14th 2009 Sept 27th 2009 Nov. 14th, 2009 Nov 24th, 25th, 2009 Nov 27th, 2009 Dec 8th-9th CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 Labor Day (University Closed) Census day Last day to Change Courses Last day to drop Thanksgiving (University Closed) Classes Resume Study Days no classes Final Exam: Dec 10th -16th, 2011 Final Exams Week (Final Exam Monday Dec 12th, 2011, 1:15-3:00) This calendar is tentative and subject to slight Variation. Course Evaluation: Simply log in to UTPA Assist self service using your UTPA username & password.Click on Student Services> then click Student Records> click on Student Evaluations link> then click on Evaluation link next to the course you wish to evaluate> then click Submit. To see a tutorial, follow this link: http://cdl. utpa. edu/tutorials/surveydig/ 3 The chart below shows information that is required and optional topics that will be covered timepermitting in CHEM 1301. Sequence Chap 1-2 Required Parsons – CHEM 1301 Have Powerpoint presentations for Chaps 1&2, hand-out materials, pre-test and pretest answers available on Blackboard. Optional Parsons – CHEM 1301 Homework Set I (with answers) provided through Blackboard.Two optional review sessions (I on Dimensional Analysis and II on Nomenclature) scheduled on the Course Calendar (also available on Blackboard) Requirements for a chemical reaction to be balanced; charge balance and mass balance. Chap 3 The Mole Concept and Mole Mass/Stoichiometry Calculations, Balancing Chemical Equations, % Composition and Determining Simple/Emperical Formulas Oxidation –Reduction Reactions; Precipitation Reactions; Acid-Base Reactions Molarity and Dilutions Problems, Solution Stoichiometry Problems, Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.Concepts of Pressure, Volume, and Absolute Temperature; The Gas Laws; The Ideal Gas Equation; Molecular Speed; Real Gases and the van de Waals Equation, Gas-Stoichiometry Problems; the Kinetic Molecular Theory; Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures and Raoult’s Law Introducti on to Thermodynamics, Pressure-Volume Work and Heat, Internal Energy, Enthalpy; Calorimetry, Hess’s Law, Heats of Formation and State Functions Quantum Theory, Quantum Numbers, Electron Configuration, Orbital Diagrams, Sets of Quantum Numbers, The Line Spectrum of Hydrogen; Chap 4 Chapt 11Use of the Solubility Rules to write precipitation reactions and net-ionic reactions. Use of the Activity Series to write reactions showing displacement of hydrogen by active metals. Meaning of terms electrolyte, strong electrolye, weak electrolyte and non-electrolyte. Properties of Gases, Reactions with Gaseous Reactants and Products, Degrees of Freedom for particles in the free state, the liquid state and the solid state; a comparison of gases, liquids and solids as to compressibility, density, and particles freedom of motion Units of Energy, Enthalpy, Standard Enthalpies of Formation, Constant Pressure processes vs.Constant Volume Processes Chap 5 Chap 6 Properties of Waves, The de Brogli e Hypothesis; The Uncertainty Principle, Atomic Orbitals, Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table; the Schrodinger Equation Chap 7 Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements; Ions of Main Group Elements, Ionization energy, electron affinity, Atomic Radius Lewis Dot Symbols, Electronegativity and Polarity; Drawing Lewis Structures; Formal Charge Molecular Geometry-VSEPR, Valence Bond Theory, The Modern Periodic Table; Effective Nuclear Charge, Nuclear Shielding, IonicRadius; Isoelectronic series, metallic character Ionic Bonding; Covalent Bonding, Exceptions to the Octet Rule; Bond Enthalpy, Resonance Molecular Geometry and Polarity, Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals, Molecular Orbital Theory Hybridization in Molecules Containing Multiple Bonds Molecules, Organic Reactions; Organic Polymers, Isomerism Chap 8 Chap 9 Chap 10 Why Carbon is Different, Representing Organic Molecules, Classes of Organic Compounds, Basic Organic Nomenclature 4

Marketing Plan Proposal Essay

I will develop a marketing plan for my company’s new product, the â€Å"Walker Photo Display & Storage Solutions† product I will introduce on the global market next year sometime. The â€Å"Walker Photo Display & Storage Solutions† product will allow any kind of loose photographs to be easily displayed in a collage format on any bare wall anywhere. It will include a divided safe storage box designed to protect loose photographs from damaging light, chemicals and rough handling to name a few things! I think my target audience is teenage boys and girls, male & female college students, educators, homemakers, business owners, retired folk, hobbyists, collectors and basically anyone that has a need and desire to do something with the piles of loose photographs we all have laying around the house! I will directly market to pre-teen and teenage kids, college students and their faculty members, housewives and husbands, law enforcement, real estate, the entertainment industry, businesses and numerous other identified and yet to be identified markets! I have perceived there was a need to create something specific, simple, durable, easy to use, inexpensive, customizable and practical to display and store all the loose photographs I had laying around and the ones I saw elsewhere laying around, unseen, decomposing and being neglected. I had taped loose photographed to my wall on occasion in a sort of collage formation, but it looked kind of cheesy, so I felt I could create something cool to display and store them in! After a few years of random survey’s with various people from all walks of life, I found my perception to be correct, that there was indeed a genuine need for my invention, and it appeared there was a vast global market for it! Creating this product so it can be easily ordered, customized and received will be a bit of a challenge, but one that I believe is well worth taking. I am very passionate about my new product that will be distributed from my new company, â€Å"DoakUnlimited.llc†. So, it is my intention to solve the decades old question & dilemma of what to do with all the millions and millions of loose photographs lying around in drawers, shoeboxes and elsewhere!

Part 1- Racial identity and culture Essay

Introduction The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics and beliefs about common ancestry. 1 The most widely used human racial categories are based on visible traits (especially skin color, facial features and hair texture), and self-identification. Conceptions of race, as well as specific ways of grouping races, vary by culture and over time, and are often controversial for scientific as well as social and political reasons. The controversy ultimately revolves around whether or not races are natural kinds or socially constructed, and the degree to which observed differences in ability and achievement, categorised on the basis of race, are a product of inherited (i. e. genetic) traits or environmental, social and cultural factors. Some argue that although â€Å"race† is a valid taxonomic concept in other species, it cannot be applied to humans. Mainstream scientists have argued that race definitions are imprecise, arbitrary, derived from custom, have many exceptions, have many gradations, and that the numbers of races delineated vary according to the culture making the racial distinctions; they thus reject the notion that any definition of race pertaining to humans can have taxonomic rigour and validity. Today most scientists study human genotypic and phenotypic variation using more rigorous concepts such as â€Å"population† and â€Å"clinical gradation. † Many anthropologists contend that while the features on which racial categorizations are made may be based on genetic factors, the idea of race itself, and actual divisions of persons into groups based on selected hereditary features, are social constructs, whereas a new opinion among geneticists is that it should be a valid mean of classification, although in a modified form based on DNA analysis. 2 Racial and Ethnic identity and Development Racial and ethnic identity are critical parts of the overall framework of individual and collective identity. For some especially visible and legally defined minority populations in the United States, racial and ethnic identity are manifested in very conscious ways. This manifestation is triggered most often by two conflicting social and cultural influences. First, deep conscious immersion into cultural traditions and values through religious, familial, neighborhood, and educational communities instills a positive sense of ethnic identity and confidence. Second, and in contrast, individuals often must filter ethnic identity through negative treatment and media messages received from others because of their race and ethnicity. These messages make it clear that people with minority status have a different ethnic make-up and one that is less than desirable within main-stream society. Others, especially white Americans, manifest ethnic and racial identity in mostly unconscious ways through their behaviors, values, beliefs, and assumptions. For them, ethnicity is usually invisible and unconscious because societal norms have been constructed around their racial, ethnic, and cultural frameworks, values, and priorities and then referred to as â€Å"standard American culture† rather than as â€Å"ethnic identity. † This uncon-scious ethnic identity manifests itself in daily behaviors, attitudes, and ways of doing things. Unlike many minority cultures, there is little conscious instilling of specific ethnic identity through white communities, nor is differential ethnic treatment often identified in the media of white cultures. As we discuss throughout this chapter, everyone benefits from the development of a conscious ethnic identity and benefits as well when multicultural frame-works are used in their learning environments. Definitions of Racial and Ethnic Identity. The constructs of race and ethnicity in the United States are complex and difficult to define and frame. Researchers are not consistent in their meaning, which makes these concepts particularly challenging to grasp. To add to the confusion, racial and ethnic identity â€Å"transcends traditional categories and has become a major topic in psychology, literature, theology, philosophy, and many other disciplines†. The concept of racial identity, in particular, has been misunderstood and contested. Some meanings are derived from its biological dimension and others from its social dimension . As a biological category, race is derived from an individual’s â€Å"physical features, gene pools and character qualities†. Using these features as distinguishing characteristics, Europeans grouped people hierarchically by physical ability and moral quality, with Caucasians as the pinnacle, followed by Asians and Native Americans, and Africans last on the racial ladder. However, looking beyond these characteristics, there are more similarities than differences between racial groups and more differences than similarities within these groups. Today, literary and theoretical manifestations of racial identity are discussed not in biological terms (which may imply a racist perspective) but as a social construction, which â€Å"refers to a sense of group or collective identity based on one’s perception that he or she shares a common heritage with a particular racial group†. Racial identity seems most often, however, to be a frame in which individuals categorize others, often based on skin color. The use of skin color is one of many labeling tools that allow individuals and groups to distance themselves from those they consider different from themselves. Racial identity is a surface-level manifestation based on what we look like yet has deep implications in how we are treated. Ethnic identity is often considered a social construct as well. It is viewed as an individual’s identification with â€Å"a segment of a larger society whose members are thought, by themselves or others, to have a common origin and share segments of a common culture and who, in addition, participate in shared activities in which the common origin and culture are significant ingredients†. Ethnic identity seems most often to be a frame in which individuals identify consciously or unconsciously with those with whom they feel a common bond because of similar traditions, behaviors, values, and beliefs. These points of connection allow individuals to make sense of the world around them and to find pride in who they are. If, however, positive ethnic group messages and support are not apparent or available to counteract negative public messages, a particular individual is likely to feel shame or disconnection toward their own ethnic identity. Ethnic identity development consists of an individual’s movement toward a highly conscious identification with their own cultural values, behaviors, beliefs, and traditions. Ethnic and racial identity models provide a theoretical structure for understanding individuals’ negotiation of their own and other cultures.

Women in Vietnam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Women in Vietnam - Research Paper Example This reason makes historians refer to the war as a cold war. The war took place in Cambodia and involved attacks and raids on rival groups. The rival groups in this case were the Americans and the people of South Vietnam. The war had search and destroy operations that served to show the amount of power that each group had over the other. The United States had its theory on the war as it saw it as a way of preventing the spread of communism to the west, as it preferred using the capitalism policy. The war thus had an important figure to the fighters as each tried supporting their policies. In the war, there were women that served to assist the actual fighters who were mostly men (Gunusky 37). Women were very influential in the development of the war. This is because they were there to offer their support which if lacking, the fighters on each side could not have fought as effectively as they did. The women were the soldier’s wives, sisters and even mothers taken up by the milit ary at that time to act as soldiers of war. They got training for all the missions that were to take place and thus were very skilled out in the field. The women had different roles in the war. There were those who were very talented in the field and had the rare opportunity to serve in the war as actual soldiers along their male counterparts. The women showed unending efforts and desire to help their sides win. For the women that were not strong or rather skilled enough to go out to the field and face the rivals in a live manner, they were delegated different aspects of work according to their intrinsic skills. One of the most identified roles that the women were given was the work of clinical attendants or rather they were given the job description of nurses (Tunner 76). The nurses had the strict and strenuous jobs of assisting wounded soldiers at the time when attacks took place. According to the communities that lived in the Vietnam region, they believed the work of nursing to b e a talent that runs in the family and hence most of the nurses that were taken in had to carry along other family members to assist in their works. Since the nurses were to take their activities to places where the war was directly taking place, they had to training on basic weaponry use in case of attack. Some of the nurses did not completely finish their nursing as they were taken in to a 10-day training camp at Ft. Sam Houston (Caylor 65). With this training, they could be part-time nurses but could also work the grounds in case there was a short of army officers to carry out an ambush due to factors such as death or general incapability. Before the war had become serious, the nurses were given a bulk of injured patients and instructed to cure them within a given time span. This was influential, as it would help them prepare both psychologically and physically for the type of work that they would be doing in the fields. When the war would get harder and the enemy groups getting close, there would be many casualties and thus the need of competence on the side of the nurses to help cure soldiers fast. Upon healing, the soldiers were required back on the field to continue with the war so as not to lender their side shorthanded due to lack of soldiers. The nurses also had basic training of how to use a compass and a radio alert. This was important because not every time could the soldiers manage to bring back the wounded soldiers to the camp base. With the compass and the radio, the soldiers in the field could make radio alerts to the nurses. The radios had different signals through which they had an open line of communication. They would ask for assistance and give the required directives and bearings (Neel 37). The women on the other hand with the

Amazing Grace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amazing Grace - Essay Example Ideology is the beliefs, values and ideals of a certain group of people. Beliefs often tie in closely with the daily concerns of domestic life, such as making a living, health and sickness, happiness and sadness, interpersonal relationships, and death; values tell them the differences between right and wrong or good and bad while deals serve as models for what people hope to achieve in life (Bodley 1). Religion is under man’s belief. It never fails to give man something that he can cling on to, a divine power which somehow renews his spirit amidst all the cruelty and ugliness of reality. This story of faith is very evident in the book, depicting the people’s awe-inspiring belief in God in every person’s life. The Church in this story was the only symbol of something beautiful – free from gun shots and decay – embracing them and keeping them away from the hardships and darkness that society brings them. People are still somehow drawn to the church be cause it is a place of escape and hope for something better. Kozol talked to Reverend Overland, a lady who gave up her promising career as a lawyer just to help and educate these unfortunate souls, said that I her observations, the people in Bronx are â€Å"more religious than those across the river. They are too concerned with money and power to worry about faith". This revelation is contrary to the white ideas that there could be no one more morally right that we. The strong grip on faith that this society has helps the children keep some light in their eyes, the mothers with some hope for the future, and the drug dealers with some hope of forgiveness (Miller 1). Religion and people’s belief and faith in the divine somehow was one of the â€Å"life-support systems† that this people have as enforced by individuals such as Reverend Overland. Religion has obviously helped the people cope up as they difficultly live each